A 2025 Analysis of the US Legal Cannabis Market: Licensing and Regulatory Landscape

By F. Thurston Pearson
CEO, Green Rush Advisory Group, LLC
Updated Wednesday, March 26, 2025 at 3:33AM

If you’re an entrepreneur at the blank-slate stage of plant-touching cannabis industry engagement, a good starting point for your analysis is identifying your state licensing authority, and immediately attempting to assess stakeholder eligibility parameters.

In the United States, a lot of those licensee eligibility parameters are similar as they relate to criminal background checks and financial scrutiny. Increasingly, states are pretty forgiving about prior criminal history, especially if it’s nonviolent, or quite a long time ago, and especially if it was cannabis related or in areas that may be categorized via social equity programs as over-impacted by drug laws in the United States. 

Most of the background checks require fingerprinting, which is accomplished either by the state licensing authority physically mailing a kit to prospective licensees, or, a visit to a state or county law-enforcement authority. The fingerprint-based checks are invariably handed off to the FBI, for processing through their Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division. These checks ensure a comprehensive national review of criminal records, as opposed to relying solely on state-level background investigations, which may miss convictions or records from other jurisdictions.

And the financial scrutiny isn’t about, in most cases, requiring you to have large sums of money.  States want to see that you’re financially capable of carrying out your plan, and most states want their licensees to be successful, so demonstrating that you have the financial wherewithal to at least implement the plan you are pitching when you apply for your license is pragmatic to the health of the state’s cannabis program, and, because cannabis is still illegal on a federal level, financial scrutiny from the licensing authority helps the state demonstrate to the federal government that they are attempting to ensure their program is not being infiltrated by cartels or other criminal elements.

While each state has their own rules and stakeholder eligibility varies, sometimes greatly, in every state, you’ll definitely face the criminal background check, the financial scrutiny and another very important qualifier… residency status. 

Included in every state’s legal cannabis program is an articulation of whether or not owners, financiers, even executives, have to be a resident of the state in order to be a part of the planned cannabis enterprise. Some states require full residency for  specified periods of time, some states require partial residency requirements, and some states apply residency requirements beyond owners and to investors, and sometimes even the people that actually control the company, regardless of their ownership.

Stakeholder eligibility is a mission-critical parameter you’ll need to perfect if you’re seeking a hiccup-free engagement of the cannabis industry.

Your starting point for engagement of the cannabis industry should be selecting the state in which you want to operate and then immediately identifying if you and the other key individuals who will be involved in the cannabis enterprise are in fact eligible to wield a license in that state.  Perfecting your stakeholder eligibility will reveal who can, and who cannot participate in your planned cannabis enterprise…  you should do that first.

If you’re interested in engaging the US cannabis market, and after identifying which state in which state you’d like to operate, another important piece of information you’ll learn when you identify the licensing authority for that state is whether or not you can still apply for a license. 

Many US medical and adult use cannabis programs have closed the window for applying for licenses, so the only way into those cannabis markets is usually to purchase a license. Below is a list of every state with a legal cannabis program, with a link to its licensing authority and with residency requirements highlighted.

Need help with your planned, cannabis endeavor? Green Rush Advisory Group has over 12 years of experience at helping entrepreneurs with almost every aspect of starting up, licensing, operating, and buying and selling cannabis businesses. Give us a call at (888)-743-0569 or email info@green-rush.us. 

1. Executive Summary

The United States legal cannabis market continues its expansion, with an increasing number of states establishing programs for either medical or adult-use cannabis, or both. This growth signifies a maturing industry that presents various opportunities for entrepreneurs. However, the regulatory landscape across these states is far from uniform, exhibiting significant variations in program types, licensing procedures, and operational requirements. This heterogeneity necessitates a thorough and state-specific understanding for any individual or entity looking to enter this market. This report provides a detailed analysis of each state with a legal cannabis program, identifying the type of program in place, the relevant licensing authorities, the current status of license availability for entrepreneurs, and any existing residency requirements for business owners. The findings underscore the importance of meticulous research and the development of tailored strategies to navigate the complexities of this evolving sector.

1. State-by-State Analysis of Legal Cannabis Programs

• Alabama
  Alabama has a legal cannabis program exclusively for medical use, which was legalized in May 2021 1. Registered patients are permitted to possess up to “70 daily dosages” of medical cannabis 1. The state has established a list of qualifying medical conditions for which cannabis can be recommended, including Autism Spectrum Disorder, cancer-related symptoms such as cachexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, or chronic pain, Crohn’s Disease, depression, epilepsy or conditions causing seizures, HIV/AIDS-related nausea or weight loss, panic disorder, Parkinson’s disease, persistent nausea unresponsive to traditional treatment, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Sickle Cell Anemia, spasticity associated with motor neuron diseases like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, spasticity associated with Multiple Sclerosis or spinal cord injury, terminal illness, Tourette’s Syndrome, and conditions causing chronic or intractable pain where conventional therapies are contraindicated or ineffective 4. Notably, the sale of raw plant materials, products intended for smoking, and certain forms of edible products are prohibited under the state’s medical cannabis laws 3.
  The Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission (AMCC) is the state body responsible for overseeing the medical marijuana program. This includes setting the regulations, issuing the necessary licenses, and ensuring compliance with the state laws governing the cultivation, processing, distribution, and sale of medical marijuana 3. The AMCC’s website serves as a primary resource for individuals and businesses seeking information about the program 5. Currently, the licensing window is open for the 2025 State Testing Laboratory License Offering, with the application period running from February 14 to April 16, 2025 6. While previous licensing rounds for other types of licenses have occurred, this suggests that future opportunities for entrepreneurs in other sectors of the medical cannabis market may arise 7.
  Eligibility to own a cannabis business in Alabama includes a residency requirement; applicants must be residents of the state 8. Furthermore, a significant financial barrier to entry exists, with applicants required to possess minimum liquid assets of $5 million 8. This substantial financial threshold suggests that Alabama’s medical cannabis market may initially be accessible primarily to established businesses or those with significant capital backing. The state’s conservative approach, evident in its medical-only program and restrictions on product types, indicates a more cautious stance on cannabis compared to states with adult-use programs. The prohibition of cannabis flower and certain edibles might also shape product innovation and overall market appeal within Alabama. The official website for the Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission is accessible at https://amcc.alabama.gov/.
• Alaska
  Alaska has a fully legal cannabis program, encompassing both adult use and medical marijuana, with recreational use legalized in 2014 and medical use dating back to 1998 1. The state permits adults to possess up to one ounce of usable cannabis and to cultivate up to six plants 1. Alaska offers a variety of cannabis business licenses, including those for retail stores, standard and limited cultivation facilities, product manufacturing facilities, and testing facilities 13.
  The Alaska Alcohol and Marijuana Control Office (AMCO) is the state agency responsible for regulating both the alcohol and cannabis industries 12. Within AMCO, the Marijuana Control Board (MCB) specifically manages the licensing and regulations pertaining to the cannabis industry 12. The AMCO website serves as the primary platform for accessing information related to marijuana licensing in Alaska 16. While the provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses 16, it is noted that licenses in Alaska are reviewed and issued on a rolling basis 13. In 2024, AMCO implemented a new online application system aimed at enhancing the efficiency of the licensing process 17.
  Alaska has a residency requirement for individuals seeking to own a cannabis business. All persons who hold a direct or indirect financial interest in a new cannabis business must be residents of Alaska 18. This requirement likely intends to ensure that the economic benefits generated by the cannabis industry remain within the state. However, this could potentially limit the entry of out-of-state capital and specialized expertise into the Alaskan market. Overall, Alaska’s mature recreational market, coupled with the availability of various license types, suggests a range of opportunities for entrepreneurs across different sectors of the cannabis supply chain. The official website for the Alaska Alcohol and Marijuana Control Office is available at https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/amco/.
• Arizona
  Arizona has legalized cannabis for both adult use and medical purposes, with recreational legalization occurring in 2020 and medical use legalized in 2010 1. The state allows adults to possess up to one ounce of usable marijuana and to cultivate up to six plants 1. Arizona offers licenses for various types of cannabis businesses, including Marijuana Establishments (which encompass cultivation, manufacturing, and retail operations), Medical Marijuana Dispensaries, Social Equity Dispensaries, and Testing facilities 20.
  The Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) is the state agency responsible for licensing and regulating the marijuana industry in Arizona 19. The ADHS website provides comprehensive information regarding marijuana licensing in the state 21. The provided snippets do not explicitly indicate whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses 22. However, information from a snippet related to Delaware (likely a template) suggests that license issuance in Arizona began in November 2024 with a schedule for different license types 23.
  Arizona has a residency requirement for most cannabis business licenses; applicants must be at least 21 years old and, for the majority of license types, be an Arizona resident or a U.S. citizen 24. This requirement likely aims to prioritize individuals and businesses with ties to Arizona in the state’s cannabis market. Arizona’s dual market, catering to both medical and recreational users, presents opportunities in various sectors. The inclusion of Social Equity Dispensary licenses also indicates an effort to promote diversity and provide opportunities for individuals from communities disproportionately affected by previous marijuana laws. The official website for the Arizona Department of Health Services is accessible at https://www.azdhs.gov/licensing/marijuana/index.php.
• Arkansas
  Arkansas has a legal cannabis program for medical use, which was legalized in 2016 1. Registered patients in Arkansas can purchase up to 2.5 ounces of medical marijuana every 14 days 1. Home cultivation of cannabis is prohibited in the state 25. Qualifying medical conditions for cannabis use in Arkansas include cancer, chronic pain, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and PTSD 25.
  The Arkansas Medical Marijuana Commission (MMC) is the state body responsible for administering and regulating the issuance of licenses to operate medical marijuana dispensaries and cultivation facilities 25. The MMC’s website is a key resource for information on medical marijuana licensing in Arkansas 28. The provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses 27. However, the MMC website allows individuals to check the status of their application online through the NIC Licensing System 29.
  Arkansas has a residency requirement for cannabis business owners. For cultivation licenses, applicants must be current residents of Arkansas and have been residents for seven consecutive years prior to the date of application 30. For dispensary licenses, applicants need to provide at least one source document to establish residency 30. The stringent residency requirement for cultivators suggests a strong preference for individuals with a long-term connection to the state in this sector. As a medical-only market that prohibits home cultivation, Arkansas presents opportunities for licensed cultivators and dispensaries to meet the needs of registered patients. The official website for the Arkansas Medical Marijuana Commission is available at https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/medical-marijuana-commission/.
• California
  California was the first state to effectively legalize medical cannabis in 1996 and later legalized recreational use in 2016 1. The state permits adults to possess up to one ounce of cannabis and to cultivate no more than six plants 1. California offers a comprehensive range of cannabis business licenses, covering activities such as cultivation (with various tiers based on size), manufacturing (including different extraction methods), distribution, retail sales, testing laboratories, and event organizers 31.
  The Department of Cannabis Control (DCC), formerly known as the Bureau of Cannabis Control (BCC), is the primary state agency overseeing the California cannabis industry. The DCC issues licenses for most cannabis business types and regulates retail, distribution, testing, and microbusinesses 32. The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) handles licenses related to cannabis cultivation, while the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) manages licenses for cannabis manufacturing 32. The DCC’s website serves as a central hub for information on cannabis licensing in California 33. The licensing window in California is currently open for new cannabis businesses 34. The DCC utilizes two different licensing systems depending on the type of license being applied for 34.
  While the provided snippets do not indicate a specific state-level residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in California 34, it is important to note that local authorization is a prerequisite for obtaining a state cannabis license 32. Local jurisdictions, such as cities and counties, have the authority to establish their own rules and permitting processes for cannabis businesses, and these local regulations may include residency requirements for business owners. Therefore, while the state may not have a blanket residency rule, entrepreneurs should thoroughly investigate the regulations in their specific target localities. California’s cannabis market is mature and highly diverse, offering opportunities across the entire supply chain. However, this also means that the market is highly competitive, requiring new entrants to have a well-defined strategy and a strong value proposition. The official website for the Department of Cannabis Control is available at https://cannabis.ca.gov/.
• Colorado
  Colorado was among the first states to legalize cannabis for adult use in 2012, having previously legalized medical marijuana in 2000 1. The state permits adults to possess up to two ounces of cannabis 1. Colorado offers a comprehensive licensing framework for both medical and recreational cannabis businesses, including licenses for Retail Marijuana Stores, Retail Marijuana Cultivation Facilities, Retail Marijuana Products Manufacturers, Retail Marijuana Testing Facilities, as well as corresponding licenses for medical marijuana businesses 36.
  The Marijuana Enforcement Division (MED), operating under the Colorado Department of Revenue, is the state agency responsible for regulating and issuing licenses to both medical and recreational cannabis business operators 37. The MED’s website provides extensive information on licensing, regulations, and compliance in the Colorado cannabis market 38. The provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses in general 38. However, in Colorado Springs, existing city-licensed medical marijuana businesses in good standing became eligible to apply for a city retail marijuana business license of the same type at their current location starting February 10, 2025 39, indicating ongoing licensing activities within the state.
  Colorado has a residency requirement for individuals seeking to own a cannabis business; all applicants must demonstrate at least two years of continuous residency in Colorado immediately preceding the date of application 40. This requirement likely aims to ensure that individuals operating in the state’s cannabis industry have a strong connection and commitment to Colorado. As one of the most mature cannabis markets in the United States, Colorado offers a wide array of business opportunities across the supply chain. However, the established nature of the market also means that entrepreneurs will face significant competition from existing and experienced operators. The official website for the Marijuana Enforcement Division is accessible at https://med.colorado.gov/.
• Connecticut
  Connecticut legalized cannabis for adult use in 2021, adding to its existing medical marijuana program established in 2012 1. Adults in Connecticut are allowed to possess up to 1.5 ounces of cannabis in public 1. The state offers a variety of licenses for cannabis establishments, including producers, dispensary facilities, cultivators, micro-cultivators, retailers, hybrid retailers (selling both recreational and medical cannabis), food and beverage manufacturers, product manufacturers, product packagers, delivery services, and transporters 42.
  The Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (DCP) is the state agency responsible for licensing cannabis establishments in the state. However, it’s important to note that final license approval from the state will not be granted without local zoning approval from the municipality where the business intends to operate 42. The DCP’s website serves as a resource for information on cannabis regulations and licensing in Connecticut 43. The provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses 44. Initial application periods for most license types occurred in early 2022 and utilized a lottery system for selecting applicants 45.
  Interestingly, Connecticut does not have a residency requirement for individuals or entities seeking to hold a cannabis establishment license 46. This lack of a residency restriction could potentially attract a broader range of entrepreneurs and investors to the state’s cannabis market. As a relatively new adult-use market, Connecticut’s initial phase of license allocation through a lottery system suggests that entering the market may be competitive. The official website for the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection is available at https://portal.ct.gov/DCP.
• Delaware
  Delaware legalized cannabis for adult use in April 2023, joining the ranks of states with both recreational and medical cannabis programs (medical use was legalized in 2011) 1. The state permits adults to possess up to one ounce of cannabis 1. Delaware offers four primary types of recreational cannabis licenses: retail, cultivation, manufacturing, and testing facility. Additionally, the state provides specific license categories for social equity applicants and microbusinesses 23.
  The Office of the Marijuana Commissioner (OMC) is the state agency responsible for regulating the recreational marijuana industry in Delaware, following the Delaware Marijuana Control Act 23. The OMC also oversees the state’s Medical Marijuana Program, which transitioned under its authority 23. The OMC’s website is the primary source for information on cannabis licensing and regulations in Delaware 47. The licensing window for adult-use cannabis businesses in Delaware was open from August 19 to September 30, 2024, for accepting applications 47. The issuance of licenses began in November 2024 with cultivation facility licenses, followed by manufacturing licenses in December 2024, and retail and testing facility licenses scheduled for March 1, 2025 47.
  While the provided snippets do not indicate a general residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in Delaware 48, there are specific residency criteria for social equity license applicants. To qualify as a social equity applicant, an individual must hold at least 51% ownership and control of the business and must have been a resident of a disproportionately impacted area for at least five of the preceding ten years 49. This suggests that while not a blanket requirement for all owners, Delaware’s social equity provisions prioritize individuals with long-term ties to specific communities. As Delaware’s recreational market is in its initial stages with license issuance underway, this presents a potential opportunity for entrepreneurs to gain a first-mover advantage in this emerging market. The official website for the Office of the Marijuana Commissioner is accessible at https://omc.delaware.gov/.
• Illinois
  Illinois has legalized cannabis for both adult use and medical purposes, with recreational legalization taking effect in 2020 and the medical program established in 2013 1. The state offers a variety of cannabis business licenses, including adult-use cultivation centers, craft growers, adult-use dispensing organizations (dispensaries), infusers, transporters, and testing laboratories 50.
  The Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDOA) is responsible for licensing cultivation centers, craft growers, infusers, and transporters 50. The Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (IDFPR) handles the licensing and regulation of dispensing organizations 50. Both agencies maintain websites with information on cannabis licensing 51. Currently, the licensing window is open for Conditional Adult Use Dispensing Organization Licenses through a Social Equity Criteria Lottery, although the application deadline has passed 54. The licensing window for cultivation is generally closed, with some exceptions for those who have been awarded a Conditional Adult Use license or are renewing an early approval cultivation center license 53.
  The provided snippets do not indicate a general state-level residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in Illinois 35. However, the state’s Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act prioritizes social equity applicants, which includes individuals from disproportionately impacted areas and those with past cannabis-related convictions 35. This suggests that while general residency may not be mandated, applicants who meet the social equity criteria, which often involve residency in specific areas, may receive preferential treatment in the licensing process. Illinois’ cannabis market is growing, with a significant focus on promoting social equity in the industry, potentially creating opportunities for entrepreneurs who qualify under these provisions. The official websites for the Illinois Department of Agriculture and the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation are accessible at https://www.agr.state.il.us/cannabis and https://idfpr.illinois.gov/profs/adultusecan.html, respectively.
• Maine
  Maine has legalized cannabis for both adult use and medical purposes. Recreational use was legalized in 2016, and the state has had a medical cannabis program in place for some time 9. Maine operates two distinct cannabis programs with different sets of laws and features 56. The adult-use program licenses various establishments, including cultivation facilities, nurseries, manufacturing facilities, cannabis retail stores, and cannabis testing facilities. The medical use program registers registered caregivers, caregiver retail stores, registered dispensaries, manufacturing facilities, and cannabis testing facilities 56.
  The Office of Cannabis Policy (OCP) is the state agency responsible for licensing and regulating both the adult-use and medical cannabis programs in Maine 56. The OCP’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis rules, statutes, applications, and the licensing process in Maine 57. The provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses 58. The process for obtaining an adult-use cannabis license in Maine involves three main steps: conditional licensure, local authorization, and active licensure 58.
  Notably, Maine has ended its residency requirements for cannabis business owners 59. This change, following a legal challenge, means that individuals do not need to be residents of Maine to own or invest in a state-licensed cannabis company. The elimination of residency requirements could broaden the pool of potential entrepreneurs and investors interested in Maine’s cannabis market. With its two separate but regulated cannabis programs, Maine offers opportunities for businesses catering to either the adult-use or the medical cannabis consumer. The official website for the Office of Cannabis Policy is available at https://www.maine.gov/dafs/ocp.
• Maryland
  Maryland legalized cannabis for adult use in July 2023, adding to its existing medical cannabis program established in 2013 9. The state permits adults aged 21 and older to possess up to 1.5 ounces of cannabis and to cultivate up to two plants 60. The Maryland Cannabis Administration (MCA) is the state agency charged with administering the application process for cannabis licenses 61.
  The MCA’s website is the primary source for information on cannabis licensing and regulations in Maryland 62. The state’s first round of cannabis licensing was exclusively for social equity applicants and closed on December 12, 2023. A lottery for these licenses was conducted on March 14, 2024 61. The provided snippets do not indicate whether a general licensing window for all applicants is currently open 61.
  Maryland does have residency requirements for owners seeking to qualify as social equity applicants. To be eligible, at least 65% ownership and control of the business must be held by individuals who meet specific criteria related to residency in disproportionately impacted areas, attendance at public schools in such areas, or attendance at certain higher education institutions in the state 61. While these residency requirements are specific to social equity applicants, they highlight the state’s focus on promoting opportunities for those most affected by previous cannabis prohibition. As Maryland’s recreational market is in its early stages, with initial licensing focused on social equity, entrepreneurs should monitor the MCA’s website for updates on future licensing rounds for the broader market. The official website for the Maryland Cannabis Administration is accessible at https://cannabis.maryland.gov.
• Massachusetts
  Massachusetts legalized cannabis for adult use in 2016 and has an existing medical marijuana program 9. The state offers a wide array of cannabis business licenses, including retailer, product manufacturer, cultivator (with various tiers), craft marijuana cooperative, transporter, marijuana courier, marijuana delivery operator, marijuana research facility, independent testing laboratory, standards laboratory, and microbusiness licenses 64.
  The Cannabis Control Commission (CCC) is the state agency responsible for regulating the cannabis industry in Massachusetts, with a mission focused on safety, equity, and effectiveness 65. The CCC’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis licensing, regulations, and news in the state 65. The licensing window for cannabis businesses in Massachusetts is currently open 66. The application process involves several steps, including obtaining local approvals from the municipality where the business intends to operate 66.
  While the provided snippets do not indicate a general residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in Massachusetts 66, the state does prioritize the review of applications from Economic Empowerment Applicants. To qualify as an Economic Empowerment Applicant, individuals must meet certain criteria, which can include residency in a Disproportionate Impact Area (DIA) for a specified period 67. This suggests that while not a strict residency mandate for all owners, having ties to communities disproportionately affected by marijuana prohibition can provide an advantage in the licensing process. Massachusetts’ mature recreational market, with its diverse license types, offers numerous opportunities for entrepreneurs. However, navigating and complying with local requirements is a critical aspect of establishing a cannabis business in the state. The official website for the Cannabis Control Commission is available at https://www.mass.gov/orgs/cannabis-control-commission.
• Michigan
  Michigan legalized cannabis for recreational use in 2018, building upon its medical marijuana program that dates back to 2008 9. The state offers licenses for various cannabis business types, including growers, processors, secure transporters, provisioning centers (dispensaries), and safety compliance facilities 68.
  The Cannabis Regulatory Agency (CRA), formerly known as the Marijuana Regulatory Agency (MRA), is the state body responsible for overseeing and regulating the legal cannabis industry in Michigan 68. The CRA’s website serves as a comprehensive resource for information on adult-use and medical marijuana regulations, licensing, and related topics 69. The licensing window for new cannabis businesses in Michigan is currently open 69. The CRA provides online resources for applying for, amending, and renewing adult-use establishment licenses 69.
  Initially, for the first two years of the program, Michigan did have a residency requirement for owners seeking to obtain a Class A grow license or start a microbusiness; these individuals were required to be Michigan residents 71. The current status of this requirement needs further verification. Michigan’s cannabis market is large and continues to grow, with a significant number of dispensaries operating across the state, indicating strong consumer demand. The official website for the Michigan Cannabis Regulatory Agency is accessible at https://www.michigan.gov/cra.
• Minnesota
  Minnesota legalized cannabis for adult use in 2023, adding to its existing medical cannabis program 9. The state offers a range of cannabis business licenses, including cannabis microbusinesses, cannabis mezzobusinesses, cannabis cultivators, cannabis manufacturers, cannabis retailers, cannabis wholesalers, cannabis transporters, cannabis testing facilities, cannabis delivery services, and medical cannabis combination businesses 72.
  The Office of Cannabis Management (OCM) is the state agency responsible for licensing and regulating cannabis businesses in Minnesota 72. The OCM’s website serves as the primary source for information on cannabis licensing and regulations in the state 73. The initial application round for cannabis business licenses in Minnesota was open from February 18 to March 14, 2025 75. Licenses for mezzobusinesses, cultivators, manufacturers, and retailers, which are capped in number, will be subject to a lottery expected between May and June 2025. Licenses for microbusinesses, wholesalers, transporters, testing facilities, delivery services, and medical cannabis combination businesses, which are uncapped, will be reviewed on a rolling basis 75.
  The provided snippets do not indicate a general state-level residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in Minnesota 77. However, the state does prioritize social equity applicants in the licensing process 41. Minnesota’s newly established adult-use market, with its structured licensing process involving both a lottery for certain license types and rolling reviews for others, presents a significant opportunity for entrepreneurs. The official website for the Minnesota Office of Cannabis Management is available at https://mn.gov/ocm/.
• Missouri
  Missouri legalized cannabis for adult use in 2022, having previously legalized medical marijuana in 2018 9. The state offers licenses for various cannabis business activities, including cultivation, dispensary operations, manufacturing of infused products, testing facilities, and transportation 78. Missouri also has a specific category of microbusiness licenses aimed at supporting small and disadvantaged businesses 79.
  The Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS) is the state agency primarily responsible for licensing and regulating medical cannabis facilities in Missouri 78. Information regarding cannabis licensing can likely be found on the main DHSS website https://health.mo.gov/. As of April 2024, the licensing window for most dispensary licenses was closed, with applications for Transportation and Seed to Sale licenses currently open 76. The MSDH is also in the process of issuing microbusiness licenses, with 48 licenses planned for issuance in both 2024 and 2025 79.
  Missouri has a residency requirement for individuals seeking to obtain a commercial cannabis license. Applicants must be residents of the state and provide proof of residency for at least one year prior to the application date 79. For business entities, the majority ownership must be held by natural persons who have been citizens of Missouri for at least one year 79. Microbusiness licenses have a stricter residency requirement, with 100% ownership required to be held by Missouri residents for at least three consecutive years prior to application 82. These residency requirements indicate Missouri’s intention to prioritize individuals and businesses with established ties to the state in its cannabis industry. The official website for the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services is accessible at https://health.mo.gov/.
• Montana
  Montana has legalized cannabis for both medical and adult use. The state’s medical marijuana program was established in 2004, and voters approved recreational cannabis legalization in 2020, with sales commencing in January 2022 9. Montana employs a tiered licensing structure for various types of cannabis businesses, including cultivation facilities (based on canopy size), dispensaries (medical-only or adult-use), manufacturing facilities, and testing laboratories 83.
  The Cannabis Control Division (CCD) within the Montana Department of Revenue is the state agency responsible for administering both the medical and adult-use cannabis programs 84. The CCD’s website is the primary resource for information on cannabis licensing and regulations in Montana 84. The provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses statewide 85. However, specific information from Missoula indicates a moratorium on accepting new business license applications for cannabis dispensary operations effective July 8, 2024 86.
  Montana has a residency requirement for individuals seeking to obtain a cannabis business license; applicants must provide proof that they have resided in Montana for at least one year prior to submitting their application 87. This requirement likely aims to support individuals with established ties to the state in the cannabis market. With both medical and adult-use markets and a tiered licensing system, Montana offers opportunities for entrepreneurs across different scales of operation. However, it is important to check for any local restrictions or moratoriums on licensing in specific jurisdictions. The official website for the Cannabis Control Division is accessible at https://mtrevenue.gov/cannabis/.
• Nevada
  Nevada has legalized cannabis for both adult use and medical purposes, with recreational legalization occurring in 2016 and medical use dating back to 2000 9. The state offers five primary types of cannabis establishment licenses: Cultivation Facility, Distributor, Product Manufacturing Facility, Testing Facility/Laboratory, and Retail Store. Additionally, Nevada has introduced licenses for Consumption Lounges 88.
  The Cannabis Compliance Board (CCB) is the state agency responsible for managing the regulation and oversight of both the medical and recreational cannabis industries in Nevada 88. The CCB’s website serves as the primary source for information on cannabis licensing, regulations, and compliance in the state 88. The provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses 88. However, the CCB maintains a public mailing list to notify interested parties about open application periods for new licenses; individuals can subscribe to this list on the CCB’s website 88.
  The provided snippets do not indicate a general state-level residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in Nevada 88. However, for social equity applicants seeking an independent cannabis consumption lounge license, there is a requirement that they must have resided in a specific type of census tract for at least the previous five years 88. This suggests that while general residency may not be mandated, Nevada’s social equity provisions target specific communities for ownership opportunities. Nevada’s well-established recreational market, which benefits significantly from tourism, utilizes a merit-based system for assessing cannabis license applications, taking into account factors such as the applicant’s experience, business acumen, and contributions to the community. The official website for the Cannabis Compliance Board is accessible at https://ccb.nv.gov/.
• New Jersey
  New Jersey legalized cannabis for adult use following a voter approval in November 2020, with the implementation and sales beginning in 2022. The state also has an existing Medicinal Cannabis Program 9. New Jersey offers licenses for various cannabis business types, including cultivators, manufacturers, dispensaries (retailers), and delivery services 92.
  The Cannabis Regulatory Commission (CRC) is the state agency responsible for overseeing both the recreational and medicinal marijuana industries in New Jersey 92. The CRC’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis licensing, regulations, and the application process in the state 93. The licensing window is currently open for all categories of adult-use cannabis businesses and testing laboratories in New Jersey 93. Applications are accepted online on a rolling basis, with priority review, scoring, and approval given to applicants that qualify as Social Equity Businesses, Diversely-Owned Businesses, Impact Zone Businesses, and to applicants receiving bonus points 95.
  New Jersey has established residency requirements for owners of cannabis businesses. Applicant entities must include at least one owner who has resided in the state for at least two years as of the application date. Applicants with at least one owner lawfully residing in New Jersey for at least five years will receive bonus points in the application process 92. Microbusiness licenses have stricter residency requirements, with 100% of the ownership interest required to be held by current New Jersey residents who have resided in the state for at least the past two consecutive years at the time of application 92. These residency requirements reflect New Jersey’s commitment to prioritizing its residents in the developing cannabis industry. As a relatively new adult-use market with ongoing licensing, New Jersey presents significant opportunities for entrepreneurs, particularly those who meet the state’s priority criteria. The official website for the Cannabis Regulatory Commission is accessible at https://www.nj.gov/cannabis/.
• New Mexico
  New Mexico legalized cannabis for adult use in 2021, adding to its existing medical cannabis program 9. The state offers a diverse range of cannabis business licenses, including those for cannabis consumption areas, cannabis couriers, cannabis manufacturers, cannabis producers, cannabis producer microbusinesses, cannabis research laboratories, cannabis retailers, and cannabis testing laboratories. Additionally, New Mexico offers licenses for integrated cannabis microbusinesses and vertically integrated cannabis establishments 96.
  The Cannabis Control Division (CCD) of the New Mexico Regulation and Licensing Department (RLD) is the state agency responsible for regulating all licensees operating in the cannabis markets in New Mexico. This includes reviewing applications and issuing licenses for adult-use cannabis establishments 96. The CCD’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis licensing and regulations in the state 97. The licensing window for new cannabis businesses in New Mexico is currently open 98. All applications for new licenses, as well as for amendments and renewals, must be submitted online through the CCD’s new automated licensing system called NM-PLUS; paper applications are no longer accepted 98.
  The provided snippets do not indicate a specific state-level residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in New Mexico 98. This suggests that New Mexico may have a relatively open market regarding residency for cannabis business ownership. As a relatively new adult-use market with a comprehensive range of license types available, New Mexico presents various opportunities for entrepreneurs looking to enter the cannabis industry. The official website for the Cannabis Control Division is accessible at https://www.rld.nm.gov/cannabis/.
• New York
  New York legalized cannabis for adult use in March 2021, complementing its existing medical marijuana program established in 2014 9. The state plans to license various types of cannabis businesses, including cultivators, processors, distributors, and dispensaries. Additionally, licenses will be available for microbusinesses and cooperatives 100.
  The Office of Cannabis Management (OCM) is the state agency responsible for providing a unified regulatory structure to oversee the cultivation, processing, manufacture, distribution, transportation, and sale of cannabis in New York State. This includes medical cannabis, adult-use or “retail” cannabis, and cannabinoid hemp 100. The OCM’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis laws, regulations, and licensing in New York 101. As of February 2025, the licensing window is open for the Adult-Use Processor Type 3 Branding license. However, the application window for most other new cannabis business licenses has passed, with future application windows anticipated for license types such as nursery, delivery, cooperative or collective, and on-site consumption 102.
  The provided snippets do not explicitly state a general residency requirement for owners of cannabis businesses in New York 102. However, the OCM has a stated goal of awarding 50% of all licenses to Social and Economic Equity (SEE) applicants. This category includes individuals from communities disproportionately impacted by cannabis prohibition policies, as well as minority and women-owned businesses, distressed farmers, and service-disabled veterans 102. This focus on social and economic equity suggests that while a general residency requirement may not be in place, the state is prioritizing opportunities for individuals and communities that have been historically disadvantaged by cannabis laws. As New York’s adult-use cannabis market continues to develop and licensing progresses, entrepreneurs should monitor the OCM’s website for updates on future application windows and specific licensing requirements. The official website for the Office of Cannabis Management is accessible at https://cannabis.ny.gov/.
• Ohio
  Ohio legalized cannabis for adult use in November 2023, with sales beginning in August 2024. This adds to the state’s existing Medical Marijuana Control Program, which was established in June 2016 9. The state issues licenses for medical cannabis cultivation (Level I and Level II), medical cannabis processing, medical cannabis dispensaries, and medical cannabis testing laboratories. Following the legalization of adult use, the state also issues dual-use cannabis licenses (allowing existing medical licensees to participate in the adult-use market) and 10(B) dispensary licenses 105.
  The Division of Cannabis Control (DCC) is the state agency responsible for licensing and regulating cultivators, processors, dispensaries, and testing laboratories in Ohio, as well as overseeing the Patient & Caregiver Registry 105. The DCC’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis licensing and regulations in the state 106. Currently, the Division of Cannabis Control is not accepting applications for medical marijuana licenses. Adult-use licensing is underway, with preferential treatment given to existing medical marijuana licensees. Additionally, the state has set aside a number of adult-use dispensary and cultivator licenses specifically for applicants who qualify as social equity applicants 104.
  The provided snippets do not indicate any state-level residency requirements for owners of cannabis businesses in Ohio 106. Ohio’s adult-use cannabis market is in its early stages, with the state leveraging its existing medical marijuana infrastructure for the rollout. The focus on providing preferential treatment to existing medical licensees and reserving licenses for social equity applicants shapes the initial landscape of the adult-use market. Entrepreneurs interested in entering the Ohio cannabis market should monitor the DCC’s website for updates on licensing opportunities and requirements. The official website for the Division of Cannabis Control is accessible at https://com.ohio.gov/divisions-and-programs/cannabis-control.
• Oregon
  Oregon has a well-established cannabis industry, having legalized medical marijuana in 1998 and recreational use in 2014 9. The state offers various types of licenses for the recreational market, including producer licenses (for cultivation), processor licenses (for manufacturing products), wholesaler licenses (for distribution), retailer licenses (for sales to consumers), and laboratory licenses (for testing) 107. The medical marijuana program is managed separately.
  The Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission (OLCC) is the state agency responsible for regulating the recreational cannabis market in Oregon 107. The Oregon Health Authority (OHA) manages the state’s medical marijuana program 107. Both agencies have websites providing information on licensing and regulations. Currently, the licensing window for new cannabis businesses for recreational use is closed due to a moratorium established by House Bill 4121 (2024) 110. However, the licensing window for new medical marijuana dispensary applications is open 112.
  The provided snippets do not indicate any state-level residency requirements for owners of cannabis businesses in Oregon 110. Oregon’s recreational cannabis market is mature, which is reflected in the current moratorium on new licenses. However, the medical market still presents opportunities for entrepreneurs interested in operating dispensaries. Individuals looking to enter the Oregon cannabis industry should consult the OLCC and OHA websites for the most up-to-date information on licensing availability and requirements for both the recreational and medical markets. The official websites for the OLCC and the OHA Medical Marijuana Program are accessible at https://www.oregon.gov/olcc/ and https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/diseasesconditions/chronicdisease/medicalmarijuanaprogram/pages/index.aspx, respectively.
• Rhode Island
  Rhode Island legalized medical marijuana in 2006 and subsequently legalized cannabis for adult use in 2022 9. The state offers various types of cannabis business licenses, including Compassion Center licenses (for medical dispensaries), Cannabis Cultivator licenses (for production), Hybrid Cannabis Retailer licenses (allowing medical compassion centers to sell to recreational consumers), and Adult-use Cannabis Retailer licenses 113.
  The Rhode Island Department of Business Regulation (DBR) is the primary state agency responsible for overseeing the medical marijuana program and the hemp industry in Rhode Island. The DBR’s Office of Cannabis Regulation specifically handles the licensing and regulatory oversight of compassion centers, cultivators, and cooperative cultivations, as well as industrial hemp growers and handlers 113. The DBR’s website serves as a resource for information on cannabis regulations and licensing in the state 114. The provided snippets do not explicitly state whether the licensing window is currently open for new cannabis businesses 114. However, the DBR’s website mentions a Licensing Portal where commercial cannabis applications can be found, suggesting that applications are being accepted periodically 114.
  The provided snippets do not indicate any state-level residency requirements for owners of cannabis businesses in Rhode Island 114. Rhode Island operates a dual market for cannabis, with specific license types catering to both medical patients and adult-use consumers. Entrepreneurs interested in entering the Rhode Island cannabis market should consult the DBR’s website or contact the Office of Cannabis Regulation directly for the most current information on licensing availability and requirements. The official website for the Department of Business Regulation’s Office of Cannabis Regulation is accessible at https://dbr.ri.gov/office-cannabis-regulation.
• Vermont
  Vermont made history in 2018 by becoming the first state to legalize adult-use marijuana through legislative action rather than a ballot initiative. The state also has an existing medical cannabis program 9. Vermont offers several types of cannabis business licenses, including those for cultivation, manufacturing, retail sales, wholesale distribution, testing laboratories, and integrated licenses (available only to existing medical cannabis dispensaries) 116.
  The Vermont Cannabis Control Board (CCB) is the state agency responsible for administering both the adult-use and medical cannabis programs, as well as regulating hemp and CBD product manufacturing 116. The CCB’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis laws, rules, regulations, and licensing in Vermont 119. As of January 2025, the CCB has temporarily closed the application window for new cultivation licenses. Additionally, the retail license application window closed in November 2024, although there was a temporary application window for Tier 1 and Tier 2 cultivation licenses 119.
  Vermont has a residency requirement for social equity applicants applying as individuals; these applicants must live in Vermont 116. The provided snippets do not indicate a general residency requirement for all owners of cannabis businesses in Vermont. Vermont’s cannabis licensing status is dynamic, with recent closures for some license types, so entrepreneurs should regularly check the CCB’s website for the latest updates. The official website for the Vermont Cannabis Control Board is accessible at https://ccb.vermont.gov/.
• Virginia
  Virginia legalized simple possession and cultivation of cannabis in 2021 and has a mature medical marijuana program. However, the implementation of the state’s recreational marijuana program, which was initially due to commence on January 1, 2024, has been stalled 9. The existing medical marijuana program issues Pharmaceutical Processor permits, which cover cultivation, manufacturing, and sales. The proposed adult-use recreational program outlined in Senate Bill included licenses for retail marijuana stores, marijuana wholesalers, marijuana manufacturing facilities, and marijuana cultivation facilities, as well as a license for marijuana testing facilities 121.
  The Virginia Cannabis Control Authority (VCCA) is the state body responsible for implementing regulations and issuing cannabis licenses in Virginia 121. The VCCA’s website serves as a resource for information on cannabis in the state 124. As of the latest information, the licensing window for recreational cannabis licenses has not yet opened. Applications for Pharmaceutical Processor permits under the medical marijuana program are handled by the Virginia Board of Pharmacy 121.
  Virginia does have residency criteria for social equity applicants seeking to participate in the adult-use cannabis market. To qualify as a social equity applicant, 66% or more of the owners must meet specific criteria, including having a prior cannabis conviction, having a close relative with such a conviction, living in a disproportionately impacted or economically distressed area, or graduating from a qualifying educational institution 122. Given the delay in the recreational market launch, entrepreneurs should focus on the existing medical program or closely monitor the VCCA’s website for updates regarding the adult-use market. The official website for the Virginia Cannabis Control Authority is accessible at https://www.cca.virginia.gov/.
• Washington
  Washington was one of the first states to legalize cannabis for both medical (in 1998) and recreational use (in 2012) 9. The state offers six types of recreational cannabis business licenses: marijuana producer, marijuana processor, marijuana retailer (dispensary), cannabis transporter, cannabis research, and cannabis cooperative registration 127.
  The Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (WSLCB) is the state regulatory authority responsible for enforcing Washington’s cannabis laws and regulations, including licensing 127. The WSLCB’s website serves as the primary resource for information on cannabis licensing and regulations in the state 128. Currently, the licensing window for new cannabis retailers, producers, and processors is closed, with the exception of applications submitted through the state’s Social Equity Program 128. Information regarding the Social Equity Program and its application process is available on the WSLCB’s website 128.
  Washington has a residency requirement for individuals seeking to obtain a cannabis license; applicants must have resided in the state of Washington for at least six months prior to filing their license application 127. This requirement aims to ensure that individuals operating cannabis businesses in Washington have a connection to the state. Washington’s recreational market is mature, and while the general licensing window is closed, the Social Equity Program provides a pathway for new entrants who meet the program’s criteria. Entrepreneurs interested in the Washington cannabis market should consult the WSLCB’s website for details on the Social Equity Program and any potential future changes to licensing availability. The official website for the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board is accessible at https://lcb.wa.gov/.

III. Comparative Analysis and Key Insights

The analysis of the US legal cannabis market reveals a diverse and evolving landscape. States like Colorado, Washington, and California, being early adopters of adult-use legalization, exhibit the most mature markets. These states likely feature higher levels of competition but also have more established infrastructure and a wider range of operational knowledge within the industry. In contrast, newer markets such as New Jersey, New Mexico, and Minnesota offer potential advantages for early entrants but may still be navigating the development and refinement of their regulatory frameworks.

The availability of licenses for new cannabis businesses varies significantly across the states. Some states, like New Jersey and New Mexico, currently have open licensing windows for various business types, while others, such as Oregon and Washington, have closed or limited availability, often implementing moratoriums or focusing on specific programs like social equity. States like Connecticut and Minnesota utilized lottery systems for initial license allocations in their adult-use markets. This dynamic nature of licensing underscores the need for entrepreneurs to conduct real-time checks on the status of licensing windows in their target states, as these can change frequently in response to market conditions and regulatory adjustments.

Residency requirements for owners of cannabis businesses are present in several states, including Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Missouri, and Washington. The duration of these requirements varies, ranging from six months to seven years, indicating different levels of emphasis on local ownership and control. Conversely, states like Connecticut and Maine do not have explicit residency requirements for license holders. These regulations can significantly impact who is eligible to enter a state’s cannabis market, potentially favoring local entrepreneurs in some regions while creating opportunities for out-of-state individuals and entities in others.

A notable trend in the newer adult-use cannabis markets, such as Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Minnesota, is a strong emphasis on social equity in their licensing programs. These programs often aim to address the disproportionate impact of past cannabis prohibition on specific communities by providing advantages or dedicated licensing opportunities to individuals from these areas. This focus on social equity can create unique pathways for entrepreneurs who meet the eligibility criteria.

Finally, the barriers to market entry in the US legal cannabis industry can be substantial. Financial requirements, such as Alabama’s high liquid asset threshold, can restrict participation to those with significant capital. Local zoning regulations and the need for local approvals are critical in many states and can significantly influence the feasibility of establishing a cannabis business in a particular location. Additionally, the limited availability of licenses in some states can make market entry highly competitive, requiring a well-prepared and compelling application.

1. Recommendations for Entrepreneurs

For entrepreneurs considering entering the US legal cannabis market, several key recommendations emerge from this analysis. First and foremost, it is crucial to conduct thorough state-specific research. The regulatory landscape varies significantly from state to state, and a deep understanding of the specific laws, regulations, and licensing requirements of each target state is essential for success.

Entrepreneurs should also consistently monitor the websites of the relevant state cannabis licensing authorities. These websites are the primary source for up-to-date information on licensing windows, application processes, rule changes, and any specific requirements or updates.

It is vital to carefully assess the residency requirements in any target state. Determine if you meet the criteria or if your business structure can accommodate these regulations. Understanding these requirements early in the planning process can save significant time and resources.

If you believe you may be eligible, explore the social equity programs offered by many states. These programs can provide unique advantages in the licensing process and represent an opportunity to participate in a more equitable cannabis industry.

Developing a robust and comprehensive business plan is paramount. This plan should address all aspects of the license application, including detailed financial projections, thorough security plans, and well-defined operating procedures.

Engaging with local authorities is also critical. Understand and comply with all local zoning ordinances and approval processes, as these can often be as important as state-level regulations.

Finally, networking with industry professionals and seeking guidance from legal and business experts who specialize in the cannabis market within your target states can provide invaluable insights and support throughout the market entry process.

1. Appendix

Table: State Cannabis Licensing Authorities and Direct URLs

Works cited

1. Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction – Wikipedia, accessed March 26, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction
2. Alabama State University among First HBCUs to Offer Cannabis Certifications, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.alasu.edu/_qa/news-feb-2025-cannabis-certifications.php
3. Alabama Cannabis License, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mrcannabislaw.com/alabama/
4. Medical Cannabis | Alabama Board of Medical Examiners & Medical Licensure Commission, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.albme.gov/licensing/md-do/registrations/medical-cannabis/
5. Medical Cannabis Act 2021-450 – Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries, accessed March 26, 2025, https://agi.alabama.gov/hemp/medicalcannabisact/
6. Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission, accessed March 26, 2025, https://amcc.alabama.gov/
7. Alabama Court Voids More Medical Cannabis License Restraining Orders – Ganjapreneur, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.ganjapreneur.com/alabama-court-voids-more-medical-cannabis-license-restraining-orders/
8. Alabama Medical Cannabis License Application Guide ., accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.cannabisindustrylawyer.com/alabama-medical-cannabis-license-application-guide/
9. Marijuana Laws by State for 2025. Where is Marijuana Legal? – Cover Cannabis, accessed March 26, 2025, https://covercannabis.com/blog/where-is-marijuana-legal/
10. MARIJUANA LEGALITY BY STATE – Updated March 10, 2025 – DISA, accessed March 26, 2025, https://disa.com/marijuana-legality-by-state
11. Report State Medical Cannabis Laws – National Conference of State Legislatures, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.ncsl.org/health/state-medical-cannabis-laws
12. Alaska Recreational & Medical Marijuana Licensing Guide – Mr Cannabis Law, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mrcannabislaw.com/alaska/
13. Alaska Cannabis License Applications | CannDelta Services, accessed March 26, 2025, https://canndelta.com/us/alaska/
14. Alaska Marijuana Licensing | AlaskaStateCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://alaskastatecannabis.org/licensing
15. Alaska Alcohol and Marijuana Control Office (AMCO) – Gov2biz, accessed March 26, 2025, https://gov2biz.com/company/case-studies/alaska-alcohol-and-marijuana-control-office
16. Home, Alcohol & Marijuana Control Office, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/amco/
17. How to Get a Dispensary License in Alaska 2025 – IndicaOnline, accessed March 26, 2025, https://indicaonline.com/blog/how-to-get-a-dispensary-license-in-alaska/
18. How to Open a Marijuana Dispensary in Alaska – FindLaw, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.findlaw.com/cannabis-law/starting-a-cannabis-business/opening-a-marijuana-dispensary-in-alaska.html
19. Adult Use Marijuana | Arizona Department of Revenue, accessed March 26, 2025, https://azdor.gov/business/transaction-privilege-tax/adult-use-marijuana
20. Arizona Marijuana Licensing | ArizonaStateCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://arizonastatecannabis.org/licensing
21. Industrial Hemp Program | Arizona Department of Agriculture – az.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://agriculture.az.gov/plantsproduce/industrial-hemp-program
22. ADHS – Marijuana Licensing – Arizona Department of Health Services, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.azdhs.gov/licensing/marijuana/index.php
23. Delaware Cannabis Market – Business Plan Templates, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabusinessplans.com/delaware-cannabis-market/
24. How to Get a Cannabis Business License in Arizona [Step-by-Step Guide for 2025] | Insights, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.frontierrisk.com/insights/cannabis-license-in-arizona
25. Arkansas Medical Marijuana Program and Updates, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.arkansasmarijuanacard.com/post/arkansas-medical-marijuana-program-and-updates
26. Medical cannabis in the United States – Wikipedia, accessed March 26, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States
27. Medical Marijuana Commission – Arkansas Department of Finance …, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/medical-marijuana-commission/
28. DFA Medical Marijuana Commission – Arkansas State Legislature, accessed March 26, 2025, https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Budget/Agency?code=0625&ddBienniumSession=2019%2F2019R
29. Licensing and Renewal FAQ – Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/medical-marijuana-commission/licensing-and-renewal-faq/
30. How to Start a Cannabis Business in Arkansas? – Business Plan Templates, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabusinessplans.com/how-to-start-a-cannabis-business-in-arkansas/
31. License types – Department of Cannabis Control – CA.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabis.ca.gov/applicants/license-types/
32. California Cannabis Business License Defense | McElfresh Law, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.criminallawyersandiego.com/cannabis-license-defense/
33. Department of Cannabis Control, accessed March 26, 2025, https://aca-prod.accela.com/CALCANNABIS/Default.aspx
34. How to apply for a license – Department of Cannabis Control, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabis.ca.gov/applicants/how-to-apply/
35. How to Get a Cannabis License in Illinois – AlphaRoot, accessed March 26, 2025, https://alpharoot.com/cannabis-license/illinois/
36. Marijuana Licensing – Boulder County, accessed March 26, 2025, https://bouldercounty.gov/records/licenses/marijuana-licensing/
37. Colorado Marijuana Business Operator License | ColoradoCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://coloradocannabis.org/licensing/business-operator
38. Marijuana Enforcement Division: Home, accessed March 26, 2025, https://med.colorado.gov/
39. Marijuana Licensing | City of Colorado Springs, accessed March 26, 2025, https://coloradosprings.gov/marijuana
40. How to get a commercial grow or retail marijuana license in Colorado – Wolters Kluwer, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/expert-insights/commercial-marijuana-license-colorado
41. Connecticut – MCBA – Minority Cannabis Business Association, accessed March 26, 2025, https://minoritycannabis.org/equitymap/connecticut/
42. Municipal Obligations Related to the Passage of Public Act 21-1: An Act Concerning Responsible and Equitable Regulation of Adult-Use Cannabis – Southeastern Connecticut Council of Governments, accessed March 26, 2025, https://secogct.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Cannabis-White-Paper-June-2022.pdf
43. CT Cannabis Analytic Tracking System, accessed March 26, 2025, https://trace.ct.biotr.ac/
44. Department of Consumer Protection – CT.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://portal.ct.gov/DCP
45. CT Consumer Protection Announces Date for First Application Period for Adult-Use Cannabis Licenses – HamletHub, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.hamlethub.com/new-milford-connecticut/4531-ct-consumer-protection-announces-date-for-first-application-period-for-adult-use-cannabis-licenses
46. Licensing Frequently Asked Questions – CT.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://portal.ct.gov/cannabis/Knowledge-Base/Categories/Licensing-and-Business-Information/Licensing-Frequently-Asked-Questions?page=4
47. Office of the Marijuana Commissioner – Delaware.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://omc.delaware.gov/
48. State of Delaware Office of the Marijuana Commissioner, accessed March 26, 2025, https://omc.delaware.gov/licensing/index.shtml?dc=app
49. Delaware Cannabis Business Licenses – Canna Advisors, accessed March 26, 2025, https://thinkcanna.com/state-opportunities/delaware/
50. Illinois Marijuana Licensing | IllinoisCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://illinoiscannabis.org/licensing
51. Cannabis Regulation Oversight Office – Illinois.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabis.illinois.gov/
52. Medical Cannabis – Illinois Department of Public Health, accessed March 26, 2025, http://www.idph.state.il.us/HealthWellness/MedicalCannabis/
53. Illinois Marijuana Cultivation License | IllinoisCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://illinoiscannabis.org/licensing/cultivation
54. Adult Use Cannabis Program – IDFPR, accessed March 26, 2025, https://idfpr.illinois.gov/profs/adultusecan.html
55. accessed December 31, 1969, https://www.agr.state.il.us/cannabis
56. Maine has two cannabis programs. How are they different?, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.maine.gov/dafs/ocp/sites/maine.gov.dafs.ocp/files/2023-03/Program%20Differences%20Flyer.pdf
57. An Introduction to the Office of Cannabis Policy (OCP) – Maine Legislature, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mainelegislature.org/doc/11360
58. Application Process | Office of Cannabis Policy – Maine.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.maine.gov/dafs/ocp/adult-use/application-process
59. Maine ends residency requirements for cannabis business owners – Global Go, accessed March 26, 2025, https://globalgo.consulting/blog/maine-ends-residency-requirements-for-cannabis-business-owners
60. Cannabis in Maryland – Wikipedia, accessed March 26, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maryland
61. Licensing & Eligibility – Maryland Office of Social Equity, accessed March 26, 2025, https://ose.maryland.gov/Pages/licensing-and-eligibilty.aspx
62. Maryland Cannabis Administration, accessed March 26, 2025, https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/25ind/html/12cannabis.html
63. Growers FAQ – Maryland Cannabis Administration, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabis.maryland.gov/Pages/growers.aspx
64. Massachusetts Marijuana Licensing | MassachusettsCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://massachusettscannabis.org/licensing
65. Cannabis Control Commission – Mass.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.mass.gov/orgs/cannabis-control-commission
66. Licensing Process – Cannabis Control Commission Massachusetts, accessed March 26, 2025, https://masscannabiscontrol.com/licensing-process/
67. How to Open a Dispensary in Massachusetts in 2024? | MassachusettsCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://massachusettscannabis.org/business
68. Michigan State Cannabis Industry – Cultivera Business Resources, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cultivera.com/states/michigan/
69. Adult-Use Establishments – State of Michigan, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.michigan.gov/cra/sections/adult-use
70. Michigan Cannabis Information Portal | MichiganCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://michigancannabis.org/
71. komornlaw.com, accessed March 26, 2025, https://komornlaw.com/things-to-know-if-you-want-to-start-a-marijuana-business-in-michigan/#:~:text=Prospective%20small%20business%20owners%20who,two%20years%20of%20the%20program.
72. General Licensing / Office of Cannabis Management – Minnesota.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mn.gov/ocm/businesses/licensing/license-types.jsp
73. Minnesota cannabis business resources, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.pca.state.mn.us/business-with-us/minnesota-cannabis-business-resources
74. Accela Citizen Access, accessed March 26, 2025, https://aca-prod.accela.com/MDH/Default.aspx
75. Office of Cannabis Management completes next step toward launching adult-use cannabis in Minnesota – GovDelivery, accessed March 26, 2025, https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/MNOCM/bulletins/3d78764
76. General Licensing / Office of Cannabis Management – Minnesota.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mn.gov/ocm/businesses/licensing/
77. Residency – Minnesota Department of Revenue, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/income-tax-fact-sheet-1-residency
78. Medical Marijuana Facility License – City of Columbia Missouri, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.como.gov/finance/business-licenses/medical-marijuana-facility-license/
79. Missouri Cannabis Laws & Dispensary Licensing Info – Cova Software, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.covasoftware.com/us-dispensary-laws/missouri
80. Cannabis in Missouri – Wikipedia, accessed March 26, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri
81. How to Open a Dispensary in Missouri – Cova Software, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.covasoftware.com/blog/opening-a-cannabis-dispensary-in-missouri
82. Mississippi Cannabis Consultants – Expert License Application Writers – Quantum 9, accessed March 26, 2025, https://quantum9.net/mississippi-cannabis-consultants/
83. Montana Cannabis Business: Regulations and Opportunities | Leafsheets, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.leafsheets.com/facts/montana-cannabis-business-regulations-and-opportunities
84. Cannabis Control Division – Montana State Legislature, accessed March 26, 2025, https://archive.legmt.gov/committees/interim/past-interim-committees/2021-2022/2021eaic/agency-oversight-cannabis-control-division/
85. Cannabis Licenses – Montana Department of Revenue – Government, accessed March 26, 2025, https://revenuefiles.mt.gov/cannabis/cannabis-licenses/
86. Cannabis | Missoula, MT – Official Website, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.ci.missoula.mt.us/2881/Cannabis
87. How to Get Obtain a Dispensary License in Montana 2025 – IndicaOnline, accessed March 26, 2025, https://indicaonline.com/blog/how-to-get-obtain-a-dispensary-license-in-montana/
88. Industry – Nevada Cannabis Compliance Board, accessed March 26, 2025, https://ccb.nv.gov/industry/
89. Nevada Cannabis License, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mrcannabislaw.com/nevada/
90. Metrc Nevada | Official Cannabis Tracking & Compliance, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.metrc.com/partner/nevada/
91. www.nj.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.nj.gov/cannabis/medicinalcannabis/medicinal/#:~:text=Medicinal%20Cannabis%20Program-,Medicinal%20Cannabis%20Program,from%20regulated%20and%20monitored%20facilities.
92. New Jersey Cannabis License, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mrcannabislaw.com/new-jersey/
93. NJ Cannabis Online Licensing Service Help/FAQ: Cannabis Regulatory Commission Site, accessed March 26, 2025, https://nj.accessgov.com/cannabis-site/Forms/Page/cannabis-site/licensinghelp/0
94. Recreational Business Application – NJ.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.nj.gov/cannabis/businesses/personal-use/
95. Complete Guide to Apply For a Cannabis Retailer License in New Jersey – Cova Software, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.covasoftware.com/new-jersey-cannabis-retailer-license-application-process
96. Types of Licenses – NM RLD, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.rld.nm.gov/cannabis/licensing/apply-renew-a-cannabis-license/
97. Cannabis Excise Tax : Businesses – New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.tax.newmexico.gov/businesses/cannabis-excise-tax/
98. Apply for License – NM RLD, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.rld.nm.gov/cannabis/licensing/new-applications/apply-for-license/
99. publications.aap.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/155/3/e2024068669/201048/Cannabis-Access-by-Retailer-Type-in-New-York#:~:text=New%20York%20state%20(NYS)%20established,the%20first%20sale%20in%20December.
100. Cannabis NYC, accessed March 26, 2025, https://nyc-business.nyc.gov/nycbusiness/article/cannabis-nyc
101. New York Office of Cannabis Management – Summary from LegiStorm, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.legistorm.com/organization/summary/176449/New_York_Office_of_Cannabis_Management.html
102. Licensing | Office of Cannabis Management, accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabis.ny.gov/licensing
103. Cannabis Licensing · NYC311 – NYC.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-03503
104. Adult-Use Marijuana in Ohio: What You Need to Know – Moritz College of Law, accessed March 26, 2025, https://moritzlaw.osu.edu/faculty-and-research/drug-enforcement-and-policy-center/research-and-grants/policy-and-data-analyses/cannabis-crossroads
105. Ohio Cannabis Information Portal | OhioStateCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://ohiostatecannabis.org/
106. Licenses – Ohio Department of Commerce – Ohio.gov, accessed March 26, 2025, https://com.ohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/com/divisions-and-programs/cannabis-control/about-dcc/licenses
107. Oregon Marijuana Laws 2025 – IndicaOnline, accessed March 26, 2025, https://indicaonline.com/blog/oregon-marijuana-laws/
108. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission – Wikipedia, accessed March 26, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Liquor_and_Cannabis_Commission
109. Oregon Health Authority : Medical Marijuana Patients, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/diseasesconditions/chronicdisease/medicalmarijuanaprogram/pages/patients.aspx
110. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission : State of Oregon, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.oregon.gov/olcc/Pages/index.aspx
111. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission Government – to – Government Annual Report 2021, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/cis/GovToGovReports/2021%20Annual%20Report%20(OLCC).pdf
112. Oregon Health Authority : Medical Marijuana Dispensaries: How to …, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/diseasesconditions/chronicdisease/medicalmarijuanaprogram/pages/dispensary-apply.aspx
113. Rhode Island Cannabis License, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mrcannabislaw.com/rhode-island/
114. Office Of Cannabis Regulation | Dept. of Business Regulation, accessed March 26, 2025, https://dbr.ri.gov/office-cannabis-regulation
115. How to Open a Dispensary in Rhode Island in 2024? | RhodeIslandCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://rhodeislandcannabis.org/business
116. Vermont Cultivation License & How to Open a Dispensary – CannDelta, accessed March 26, 2025, https://canndelta.com/us/vermont/
117. Vermont Cannabis License, accessed March 26, 2025, https://mrcannabislaw.com/vermont/
118. Cannabis Licensing | Burlington, VT, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.burlingtonvt.gov/492/Cannabis-Licensing
119. Cannabis Control Board: Home, accessed March 26, 2025, https://ccb.vermont.gov/
120. accessed December 31, 1969, https://ccb.vermont.gov/licensing
121. Virginia Marijuana Licensing | VirginiaStateCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://virginiastatecannabis.org/licensing
122. VIRGINIA FAQS | Legal Cannabis Lawyers, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.leaflegalpc.com/virginia-faqs
123. Virginia Medical Cannabis Program, accessed March 26, 2025, https://patients.va.biotr.ac/
124. Cannabis Control Authority launches website – Virginia Association of Counties, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.vaco.org/county-connections/cannabis-control-authority-launches-website/
125. accessed December 31, 1969, https://www.cca.virginia.gov/
126. Virginia Marijuana Cultivation License | VirginiaStateCannabis.org, accessed March 26, 2025, https://virginiastatecannabis.org/licensing/cultivation
127. How to Open a Marijuana Dispensary in Washington – FindLaw, accessed March 26, 2025, https://www.findlaw.com/cannabis-law/starting-a-cannabis-business/opening-a-marijuana-dispensary-in-washington-.html
128. Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board, accessed March 26, 2025, https://lcb.wa.gov/
129. Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (WSLCB), accessed March 26, 2025, https://cannabis.observer/organizations/1134-washington-state-liquor-and-cannabis-board/
130. accessed December 31, 1969, https://lcb.wa.gov/cannabis-license/apply-for-cannabis-license
131. Restrictions and Requirements – Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board, accessed March 26, 2025, https://lcb.wa.gov/cannabis-license/location-requirements

©2013-2025 Green Rush Advisory Group, LLC, Neotsu, OR 97368 All Rights Reserved